What Is Speed Drug?

Uncover the effects and risks of the speed drug. From short-term highs to long-term dangers, get the facts you need to know.

July 3, 2024

Understanding Amphetamines

Amphetamines are a class of stimulant drugs that have the ability to speed up the body's system. They are commonly prescribed by medical professionals to treat conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, they can also be used illicitly for their euphoric and energizing effects.

Definition and Types

Amphetamines are synthetic substances that stimulate the central nervous system. They increase the release of certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which play a role in regulating mood, attention, and alertness. By enhancing the activity of these neurotransmitters, amphetamines can produce effects such as increased energy, heightened focus, and decreased appetite.

There are various types of amphetamines, each with its own characteristics and uses. Some common street names for amphetamines include Bennies, Black Beauties, Crank, Ice, Speed, and Uppers. The most potent form of amphetamine is crystal methamphetamine, commonly known as "ice".

Legality and Usage

The legality and usage of amphetamines vary depending on the country and their intended purpose. In medical settings, amphetamines may be legally prescribed by healthcare professionals to treat conditions like ADHD or narcolepsy. However, their recreational use is illegal in most jurisdictions.

It's important to note that the non-medical use of amphetamines can have serious physical and mental health consequences. The misuse of amphetamines, such as taking higher doses or using them without a prescription, can lead to addiction, psychosis, and other harmful effects. If you or someone you know is struggling with amphetamine misuse, seeking professional help and support is crucial for recovery.

Understanding the definition, types, legality, and usage of amphetamines is a critical step in demystifying these drugs. It is important to approach the subject with knowledge and caution, recognizing the potential risks and seeking appropriate guidance when necessary.

Effects of Amphetamines

Amphetamines are a class of drugs that can have both short-term and long-term effects on individuals who use them. Understanding these effects is crucial in comprehending the risks associated with amphetamine use.

Short-Term Effects

The short-term effects of amphetamines can vary depending on the dosage, method of administration, and individual factors. Common short-term effects include:

  • Increased alertness and wakefulness
  • Elevated mood and feelings of euphoria
  • Decreased appetite and weight loss
  • Increased heart rate and blood pressure
  • Dilated pupils
  • Increased energy and physical activity
  • Improved focus and concentration

It's important to note that while some individuals may experience positive effects initially, others may experience negative effects such as anxiety, agitation, and irritability. The short-term effects of amphetamines can be intense and may vary from person to person.

Long-Term Effects

Chronic abuse of amphetamines can lead to various long-term effects, including both physical and psychological consequences. Some of the long-term effects associated with amphetamine use are:

  • Psychosis: Prolonged amphetamine abuse can lead to a psychosis that resembles schizophrenia, characterized by symptoms such as paranoia, hallucinations, and violent behavior.
  • Addiction: Chronic use of amphetamines can result in addiction, leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior and difficulty in quitting or reducing use. Individuals may develop a tolerance to the drug, requiring higher doses to achieve the desired effects.
  • Cognitive and Emotional Issues: Long-term methamphetamine misuse can result in significant changes in the brain, affecting cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and decision-making. Emotional disturbances, mood disorders, and anxiety can also be observed in chronic amphetamine users.
  • Neurotoxicity: Methamphetamine misuse can have neurotoxic effects, particularly on microglial cells, which play a role in brain health by defending the brain and removing damaged neurons. Excessive activity of microglial cells can harm healthy neurons, potentially explaining some of the neurotoxic effects associated with methamphetamine use.
  • Impaired Brain Structure and Function: Long-term methamphetamine misuse can result in significant changes in brain structure and function. These changes can impact motor speed, verbal learning, and emotional and cognitive function. Chronic methamphetamine use also increases the risk of stroke and may elevate the incidence of Parkinson's disease among past users.

Psychosis and Addiction

One of the significant risks associated with amphetamine use is the potential for psychosis and addiction. Prolonged abuse of amphetamines, particularly methamphetamine, can lead to a psychosis that resembles schizophrenia. Symptoms may include paranoia, hallucinations, and delusions. Additionally, chronic methamphetamine misuse can result in addiction, characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms [3]. These psychological consequences can have a profound impact on an individual's overall well-being and quality of life.

Consumption Methods and Forms

When it comes to the consumption of amphetamines, there are various methods and forms in which they can be taken. Understanding these administration routes and the physical appearance and taste of amphetamines can provide insight into how they are consumed.

Administration Routes

Amphetamines can be administered through different routes, depending on the desired effect and the form of the drug. The most common administration routes include:

  1. Oral: Amphetamines can be taken orally by swallowing pills or capsules. This method allows for a slower onset of effects and a longer duration of action as the drug is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.
  2. Injection: Some individuals may choose to inject amphetamines, usually in the form of a liquid solution. This method allows for rapid absorption of the drug into the bloodstream, resulting in almost immediate effects. It is important to note that injecting amphetamines carries higher risks, including the transmission of infections and the potential for vein damage.
  3. Smoking: The addition of "ice," a form of crystallized methamphetamine hydrochloride, has promoted smoking as another method of administering amphetamines. Smoking allows for the inhalation of the drug, resulting in quick absorption through the lungs and rapid onset of effects.
  4. Snorting: Amphetamines can also be consumed by crushing the drug into a fine powder and snorting it through the nasal passages. The drug is absorbed through the nasal mucosa, allowing for relatively quick effects.

Physical Appearance and Taste

The physical appearance of amphetamines can vary depending on the form and purity of the drug. Speed, also known as amphetamine sulphate, is commonly found as an off-white or pinkish powder that can sometimes resemble crystals. It can also be found as a paste, which is typically white/grey or brown in color and may have a damp and gritty texture.

In terms of taste, amphetamines like speed have a bitter and unpleasant flavor. Users often describe it as having a strong and distinctive taste. It is important to note that the taste of amphetamines can vary slightly depending on the specific formulation and any additives present.

Understanding the administration routes and physical characteristics of amphetamines provides insight into the different ways individuals consume these drugs. It is crucial to be aware of the risks associated with each administration method and to prioritize informed decision-making regarding the consumption of amphetamines.

Dangers and Risks

When it comes to amphetamines, understanding the potential dangers and risks associated with their use is crucial. Amphetamines can have both immediate and long-term effects on the body and mind. This section will explore the overdose symptoms and health consequences that individuals may experience when using amphetamines.

Overdose Symptoms

Overdosing on amphetamines can have severe consequences and may even be life-threatening. Some common symptoms of an amphetamine overdose include:

  • Agitation
  • Increased body temperature
  • Hallucinations
  • Convulsions
  • Potentially death

It is important to note that the effects of an amphetamine overdose can vary depending on factors such as the dosage, purity of the drug, and individual tolerance levels. If you suspect an amphetamine overdose, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention to prevent further complications [1].

Health Consequences

The prolonged misuse of amphetamines can lead to various health consequences, both physical and psychological. Chronic abuse of amphetamines can result in a psychosis that resembles schizophrenia, causing symptoms such as paranoia, hallucinations, and violent behavior.

Long-term use of amphetamines, especially methamphetamine, can have profound effects on the brain. Chronic methamphetamine abusers may experience difficulty feeling pleasure from anything other than the drug, which can further fuel their abuse. Withdrawal symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and intense cravings for the drug, may occur when a chronic abuser stops taking it.

Individuals who use methamphetamine over an extended period may exhibit symptoms such as significant anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances, violent behavior, and psychotic features like paranoia, hallucinations, and delusions. These psychotic symptoms can persist for months or even years after cessation of methamphetamine use. Stress can also trigger the spontaneous recurrence of psychosis in individuals with a history of methamphetamine psychosis.

Furthermore, long-term methamphetamine misuse results in significant changes in the brain, impacting the dopamine system activity associated with reduced motor speed and impaired verbal learning. Structural and functional changes in brain areas linked to emotion and memory may explain emotional and cognitive issues observed in chronic methamphetamine users.

It is critical to understand the potential risks and health consequences associated with amphetamine use. If you or someone you know is struggling with amphetamine misuse, seeking professional help and support is essential for treatment and recovery.

Global Perspectives on Amphetamines

Amphetamines, commonly known as speed drugs, have varying legal statuses around the world. Additionally, trends and statistics provide insight into the prevalence and impact of amphetamines in different countries.

Legal Status in Different Countries

The legal status of amphetamines varies from country to country. While it is beyond the scope of this article to cover all jurisdictions, here are a few examples:

Country Legal Status

  • United KingdomIn the United Kingdom, methamphetamine is not considered to be a significant problem, with usage mostly restricted to the gay male sex party scene. The estimated number of methamphetamine users is around 17,000, compared to 27,000 heroin users.
  • United StatesIn the United States, amphetamines are classified as Schedule II controlled substances due to their high potential for abuse and dependence. Possession, distribution, and production of amphetamines without proper authorization are illegal.
  • Czech RepublicIn the Czech Republic, possession of more than 2 grams of methamphetamine can result in 1 to 8 years of imprisonment. Production and distribution can lead to up to 5 years of imprisonment, and up to 10 years if conducted as a member of an organized group, in large scale, against a child, or if it led to a large profit.

Please note that the legal status of amphetamines can change over time, so it is important to consult local laws and regulations for the most up-to-date information.

Trends and Statistics

Trends and statistics provide valuable insights into the use and impact of amphetamines globally. Here are a few notable points:

  • In 2005, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in the United States seized 2,148.6 kg (4,736.8 lbs) of methamphetamine.
  • The DEA El Paso Intelligence Center reported a downward trend in the seizure of clandestine drug labs for the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine from a high of 18,091 in 2004. However, this trend reversed after 2008.
  • The US Department of Justice declared November 30, 2006, as Methamphetamine Awareness Day to raise awareness about the dangers associated with methamphetamine use.

These statistics highlight the ongoing efforts to combat the production, distribution, and use of amphetamines, as well as the need for continued awareness and prevention strategies.

Understanding the legal status and monitoring trends and statistics related to amphetamines can aid in developing effective strategies for addressing the risks and challenges associated with its use. It is essential to stay informed about local laws and initiatives to promote the well-being of individuals and communities.

Treatment and Prevention

Dealing with the effects of amphetamine misuse requires a comprehensive approach that includes both treatment and prevention strategies. Understanding the withdrawal symptoms and providing the necessary support and recovery resources are important aspects of addressing amphetamine addiction.

Withdrawal Symptoms

When individuals who have been chronic amphetamine abusers stop taking the drug, they may experience withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can include depression, anxiety, fatigue, and an intense craving for the drug. Withdrawal from amphetamines can be challenging and may require medical supervision and support to manage the physical and psychological symptoms.

Support and Recovery

Support and recovery play a crucial role in helping individuals overcome amphetamine addiction. Here are some approaches and resources that can aid in the treatment and recovery process:

  1. Detoxification: Medical detoxification may be necessary to help individuals safely withdraw from amphetamines. This process involves the gradual reduction of the drug under medical supervision to manage withdrawal symptoms.
  2. Therapy and Counseling: Behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be effective in addressing addiction and helping individuals develop coping mechanisms to manage triggers and cravings. Counseling can also provide emotional support and guidance throughout the recovery journey.
  3. Support Groups: Participating in support groups, such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA) or SMART Recovery, can offer individuals a sense of community and understanding. These groups provide a platform for sharing experiences, receiving support, and learning from others who have faced similar challenges.
  4. Medication-Assisted Treatment: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to aid in the recovery process. Medications such as bupropion, naltrexone, or antidepressants may be used to manage withdrawal symptoms, reduce cravings, and support long-term recovery.
  5. Aftercare Programs: Once individuals have completed treatment, aftercare programs can provide ongoing support and help them maintain their recovery. These programs may include ongoing therapy, counseling, and support group participation.

Remember, the path to recovery is unique for each individual, and a personalized approach is essential. Seeking professional help from healthcare providers, addiction specialists, and support networks can provide the necessary guidance and resources for successful treatment and long-term recovery.

References